What is air perspective, form perspective, shadow perspective, and tonal perspective?

Perspective is a visually based spatial relationship based on near-large and far-small. There are two types: physical perspective and air perspective. Perspective phenomenon is far smaller and nearer, so perspective is also called "far and near method". Perspective was originally a painting term, but now it is used in photography. Use perspective to shape.

And photographic perspective refers to the use of photographic images to express various spatial perspective phenomena based on near-large and far-small. Mainly correct perspective (accurately reflect the space where the scene is located and conform to normal visual habits), body perspective, air perspective, line perspective, tone perspective, color perspective, focal perspective, space exaggeration, space compression, etc. Visual art pays attention to perspective, records different perspective phenomena, and pursues perspective modeling effects. The use of perspective modeling methods is not only the creative demand of photographic art to use two-dimensional planes to reproduce three-dimensional space, but also the basic skills of photographers.

Shape perspective, also known as geometric perspective. Figure perspective is based on the principle of geometric optics. It is one of the basic rules of painting to express the spatial position, contour and projection of objects on a plane with lines. According to the vanishing point, it can be divided into parallel perspective, angled perspective and oblique perspective. Parallel perspective has only one vanishing point and is often used in photographic composition. Some objects of similar shape and size (such as rows of trees and telephone poles) are arranged in order from near to far. When people observe, they will find that the near is bigger and the far is smaller, and finally disappear at the farthest point (ie a vanishing point ), and the viewer will have a sense of space and depth. Factors affecting the effect of parallel perspective: the greater the distance span, the stronger the perspective effect; the side view is more obvious than the front view.

 

Air perspective, also known as spatial perspective. The effect of "near-darkness and far-lightness" (the farther, the lighter and the more blurred) the tonal perspective and the tone perspective effect formed by the effect of the air medium on the dispersion of light. Aerial perspective is a branch of atmospheric optics. Atmospheric optics is the science of studying various physical phenomena produced when light passes through the earth's atmosphere. The air itself is the medium of light transmission, and the water vapor and dust in the air affect the density of the air. Air perspective studies and expresses the effect of air density on the clarity and color saturation of objects in space distance. In terms of spatial distance, the sharpness and color saturation are high when the object is close, and vice versa. When the air density is high or the air is turbid, there are more media, and the clarity and color saturation of the object are low. Air perspective is conducive to express the sense of depth of the scene.

Tonal perspective is a kind of air perspective. The perspective effect of tonal tone formed by the blocking effect of air medium on light. This phenomenon is reflected in the image to form different tonal levels. The photographer expresses the spatial depth of the scene and the spatial position of the object.

Tonal perspective is also a kind of air perspective. The color perspective effect formed by the blocking effect of the air medium on the light. When light passes through the atmosphere, due to the diffusion effect of the air medium on the light, the nearby scenes appear to have higher color saturation than the distant scenes. Color perspective is the premise of color composition.